Learn Chinese Pdf
2021年1月25日Download here: http://gg.gg/o09qh
How to learn Chinese Mandarin?
Learn Chinese with Free PDFs Want to learn Chinese with PDF cheat sheets and lessons? At ChineseClass101, you get the biggest collection of Chinese PDF Lessons for free. And you get to speak MORE Chinese because these lessons teach you words and phrases for the common conversation topics like Weather, Hobbies, Love, Work, Family, and much more. New Practical Chinese Reader. This Chinese learning book is great because it comes in multiple. Learning Chinese (fi rst year) and the forthcoming compan-ion volume (second year) cover approximately 200 class hours. Includes sample schedules for all 200 hours of class study. Presents rich content (based on the author’s own experience learning Chinese) that is presented incrementally and in detail, is carefully.
The Chinese Outpost 6/30 Learn Chinese Angle 1: Basic Strokes of Chinese Characters A good first step in making Chinese characters less intimidating is identifying their most basic parts. A number of unique, identifiable strokes (individual marks of the brush or pen) are used to write Chinese. The chart below shows you the eleven most common. Mastering Chinese Sentence Structure by Verena Menzel 5. Maintaining Motivation to Study Chinese by Hugh Grigg 6. Immersion Chinese for Dummies by Andreas Laimbock 7. Expanding your Chinese from Outside of China by Richard Simcott 8. How New Technologies can Help you Study Chinese by Sborto Zhou 9. Learn Chinese by Having Fun! By Greg Bell 10.Get a Chinese Mandarin Phrasebook and write simple phrases and words on Flashcards and memorize themStudy the Chinese fundamentals, e.g. how to construct questions, pronunciation etc.Try and find a good Mandarin teacher and enroll in a Chinese language class or visit China for more immersionLearning the Chinese characters is hard. Decide if you want to learn them or just focus on spoken MandarinUse a spaced repetition vocabulary builder to learn words and phrasesFocus on learning the four tones correctly early on as the wrong tones can change the meaning of words completelyCheck out our comprehensive Chinese Mandarin learning App L-Lingo which contains 105 lessons with grammar notes, thousands of words and high quality audio.Chinese Mandarin GrammarThe Chinese you are learning here is the official language of China, which is also called Mandarin Chinese. It is different from another popular Chinese language, Cantonese, which is mainly spoken in Guangdong province and Hong Kong. Mandarin Chinese consists of characters/ standard script (你), phonetic script (ni), and tone marks, e.g. (ˇ) 你 (nǐ). Characters are used everywhere in daily life, such as books, newspapers, signs, etc… Phonetic scripts and tones, together called Pīnyīn, are used in dictionaries and textbooks to guide learners to learn the pronunciation of the characters.When compared to other Languages, on a fundamental level the Mandarin grammar is actually very simple.Each word normally stays the same; thus there are no conjugations, no plural forms, no genders and no articles. Whereas the English verb “to know somebody” might have different forms like “knows”, “knew”, “known” etc., the equivalent Chinese verb 认识 (rèn shí) itself always stays the same, regardless of the context. However there are also elements in the Chinese language that we do not have in many Western Languages.TonesOne of the most difficult element for the learner of the Chinese language is the correct pronunciation of the four phonemic tones: the first tone (ˉ), the second tone (′), the third tone (ˇ), and the forth tone (‵); because the concept of Tones is not existing in many European Languages including English. The best way to practice the tones is to listen carefully and to repeat the words and sentences.NounsNouns are pretty simple in the Chinese language. They do not have articles or genders, and there is no distinction between singular or plural.As for countable nouns, to express or to emphasize plural or numeral, various measure words, such as 辆 (liàng/measure word for vehicle), 个 (gè/measure word for general use), and 艘 (sōu/ measure word for ship]), need to be added in front of a noun:numeral + measure word + noun.For example, 女人 (nǚ rén) can be understood as ’a/one woman’ or ’women (female)’. 个 (gè/ measure word for vehicle) is a measure word for general use. Since Chinese doesn’t have articles, ‘a woman’ is equal to ‘one woman’, in Chinese it is 一个女人; ‘three women’ is 三个女人.VerbsNow that we already learned how to use nouns, in order to make complete sentences, we need to know about verbs.I have some good news here too. Verbs are also pretty straight forward in Chinese! They do not change with person, tense, number and there are no participles.Chinese words (whether nouns or verbs) never change their form. Additional information (e.g. tenses, plural etc.) is conveyed by adding additional words (e.g. tense makers and measure words).We will see how this works in the next section about verb tensesPresent Progressive TenseIn the present progressive tense we just need to use the basic form. To emphasize the present progressive tense, the word 着 (zhe/ particle) is put behind the verb.Example:那个女人站着 nà gè nǚ rén zhàn zhe The woman is standing.Learn Chinese Pdf FreeNow that we have learned our first sentence, let me explain a little about the standard word order.In Chinese, the word order is Subject-Verb-Object. This is the same as the word order in English (e.g. Tom goes home). Past tensePast tense is indicated by 了 (le) – (article for past tense) which is placed after the verb.Example:那匹马跳了. nà pǐ mǎ tiào le. The horse jumped.Future tenseFuture tense is indicated by 将要/要 (jiāng yào/yào) – (will/be going to do) which is placed in front of the verb.Example:那匹马将要跳. nà pǐ mǎ jiāng yào tiào. The horse is going to jump.AdjectivesIf you like to describe certain things, the adjective normally follows the noun. Example:这件蓝色的衬衫是新的. zhè jiàn lán sè de chèn shān shì xīn de. The blue shirt is new.Here we have actually two adjectives following the noun shirt ‘衬衫 (chèn shān)’:1) 蓝色的 (lán sè de) indicates the color blue (note that 蓝色的 (lán sè de) acts as an adjective).2) 新的 (xīn de) indicates that the shirt is new.Please note that 这 (zhè) refers to the place of the shirt (like the English word ’this’). 件 (jiàn) is the measure word for cloths (like the English word ’a piece of’).PrepositionsIn this lesson, we will learn our first prepositions such as on 上面 (shàng miàn), in 里面 (lǐ miàn), or under 下面 (xià miàn).One important concept in Chinese Grammar is the use of the prepositional verb 在 (zài) to indicate ‘to be (in, at, on under + a place/location)’. So 在 (zài) is positioned in front of prepositions, together to form a predicate, such as ‘在 + a place/location +上面 (shàng miàn / on)’， ‘在 + a place/location +里面 (lǐ miàn / in)’， and ‘在 + a place/location +下面 (xià miàn / under)’.Example:一个 婴 儿 在 车 里面 yī gè yīng ér zài chē lǐ miàn A baby is in a car.In the above sentence you notice that ‘is in a car’ is translated as ‘在车里面 (zài chē lǐ miàn)’. ‘在… 里面’ means ‘is in ...’, therefore, the verb ‘is’ doesn’t need to be translated additionally.QuestionsThere are a few different ways to make questions in the Chinese language.General Question WordsYou can use the general question words 吗 (ma), in a question expecting yes or no answer.This question words is just added at the end of the sentence.Example:你好吗? nǐ hǎo ma? Are you well? /How are you?Specific Question WordsYou can also make questions by using specific question words like what 什么 (shén me), where 哪里 (nǎ lǐ), who 谁 (shuí) or why 为什么 (wèi shén me).These question words are positioned at where the answer word/words are to be placed in the sentence. Example:那个女人在做什么? nà gè nǚ rén zài zuò shén me? What is the woman doing?To answer this question, we just need to remove the question word, which is 做什么 and replace with the answer: 那个女人在烹饪 (nà gè nǚ rén zài pēng rèn/[That woman is cooking]). As you noticed, the order of the rest of the words in the sentence remain the same.Since being able to ask questions is really important, here is another example with the question word where 哪里 (nǎ lǐ / where) Example:那个婴儿在哪里? nà gè yīng ér zài nǎ lǐ? Where is the boy?Just remember that the word 在 (zài) is also used since the question asks for a specific location.This example shows you how to construct a what 什么 (shén me / what) question.Example:那辆汽车是什么颜色的? nà liàng qì chē shì shén me yán sè de? What color is the car?Words of colors can be used both as a noun, for example 白色 (bái sè/[white]), and 黑色 (hēi sè/[black]); and as an adjective.When these words are used as an adjective, they are played in front of the noun to be modified and 的 (de/ [possessive particle]) need to be added behind these words of color. Example:白色的屋子 bái sè de wū zi white house黑色的汽车 hēi sè de qì chē black carHave a look at the following a bit different example of a What question.Example:那个女人在吃什么? nà gè nǚ rén zài chī shén me? What is the woman eating? You will notice that in this example a particular reference is made, ‘the woman’. In Chinese, a particular referred figure, ‘the man’ is equal to ‘that woman’, ‘the’ is translated as ‘那 (nà)’; measure word is needed in front of the noun.Okay so let’s repeat that again. If a sentence does not refer to anyone in particular and it is a singular sentence, a woman is ‘一个女人 (yí gè nǚ rén)’. If a sentence refers to someone in particular, definite article ‘the’ is translated as ‘that’, ‘the woman’ is ‘那个女人 (nà gè nǚ rén)’.Negative StatementsTo give a sentence a negative meaning, just put the word (不/bù/ [no, not]) in front of verbs /adjective. When (bù) is followed by a last tone word, e.g. 是 (shì/ [yes]), (bù) need to be changed to second tone—(bú).不是 is read as ‘bùshì / [be not]’, instead of ‘bùshì’.Example:这个电话不是红色的, 它是黑色的 zhè gè diàn huà bú shì hóng sè de, tā shì hēi sè de. This telephone is not red, it’s black.Asking for Something or Making a RequestIn this section we will learn how to ask for something or make a request. This is very common, such as in restaurants wherein we ask for a plate or a drink. Example:请把汤匙给我! qǐng bǎ tāng chí gěi wǒ! Please pass me the spoon!To make a polite request, there is a word used in the above example:请 (qǐng) which starts the sentence and corresponds to the English ’please’. 把 [adverb] sentence is quite complicated. Right now, you just need to remember 请把汤匙给我! (qǐng bǎ tāng chí gěi wǒ!/[ Please pass me the spoon!]) is the same with 请给我汤匙! (qǐng gěi wǒ tāng chí!/[ Please pass me the spoon!]). 把 [adverb] sentence in this lesson is used to emphasize on the obj. that presents the object you request for.BECAUSE Sentences’Because’ sentences are pretty easy, so I need to give you only a short explanation here.“Because” means 因为... 所以... (yīn wéi... suǒ yǐ… ). In Chinese, 因为 (yīn wéi) is to give the reason of the occurrence of something, and 所以 (suǒ yǐ) is to lead the result of the event or a conclusion of a state. Sometimes, either 因为 (yīn wéi) or 所以 (suǒ yǐ) can be omitted in a sentence.This is just a short introduction to Chinese Mandarin. If you like to get a free comprehensive Chinese Mandarin Grammar, subscribe to our Seven Day Email Course which includes a 20 page Grammar Book!What is Chinese made of?
Chinese is made of words, which are made of characters, themselves made of one or more radicals among 214. See the four examples of radicals below.214 radicals to rule all characters
Knowing 214 radicals will ease your process of learning Chinese. Why?Because when you know the radicals, you can remember more easily how they combine with each other to form more complex characters.Radicals can have one of the following functions, or both:
*semantic, providing part or whole of the meaning;
*phonetics, giving the sound to the character, or something very close to it.The concept of key
Every character has one and only one radical with the function of ’key’, which allows to find a character into a dictionary. In many cases, the radical on the left or on the top of a character is the key. However, with the increase of the use of digital dictionaries on smartphone, in which you can draw the character, knowing keys become less critical.Learn Chinese Calligraphy PdfExamples
爸 bà, which means dad, is made of 2 radicals:
*父 fù (father), is the semantic radical, and also the key
*巴 bā (to wish), is the phonetics radical
好 hǎo, which means good, is made of 2 radicals:
*女 nǚ (woman), is the semantic radical, and also the key
*子 zi (child), is a component with a semantic function (because to express that something is good, we associate a mother and a child), but there is no phonetics function of the radical to help for the pronunciation.Work your own way to remember each of them
Each of us has his personal idea, history, conviction or preference when it comes to mnemonics to remember things.
For instance, in our previous exemple for 好 hǎo, we could think of it this way:
女 + 子 = 好
woman + child = good, well (好 hǎo)
’When a woman sticks to her child, it is good’
Sometimes, you have ideas, sometimes you do not. HSK Academy supports you and will keep delivering means to remember more easily radicals and characters, just as for the four ones on the top of this article. Stay tuned by following our facebook page.
As soon as you’ll be ready, get your copy of the official HSK lists and start to prepare!
In the meantime, review this list regularly:The complete list of radicalsNumberKeyPinyinEnglish1一yīone2丨gǔnline3丶zhǔstroke4丿 乀 乁fúoblique5乙 乚 乛yǐsickle6亅juéhook7二èrtwo8亠tóushelter, head9人 亻rénman10儿erchild11入rùto enter12八 丷bāeight, separate13冂jiōngscope14冖mìto cover15冫bīngice16几jǐtable17凵qiǎncontainer18刂 刁 刀 クdāoknife19力lìforce20勹bāoto wrap21匕bǐspoon, man overthrown22匚fāngopen box23匸xìto hide24十shíten25卜bodivination26卩jiéseal27厂chǎngproduction facility28厶sīsecret29又 ヌyòustill, hand30口kǒumouth31囗wéienclosure32土tǔearth33士shìscholar34夂zhǐto go35夊suīgo slowly36夕xīevening37大dàbig38女nǚwoman39子zichild40宀miánroof41寸cùnthumb42小 ⺌ ⺍xiǎosmall43尢yóuweak44尸shīdead body45屮chègerm46山shānmountain47川 巛chuānriver48工gōngwork49己jǐpersonal50巾jīnturban51干gàndry52幺yāotiny53广guǎngshelter54廴yǐngreat, stride55廾gǒngtwo, hands56弋yìarrow-grapin57弓gōngbow58彐 彑jìsnout59彡shānbeard, brush60彳chìwalk around61心 忄xīnheart62戈gēhalberd63戶 户hùgate64手 扌 才shǒuhand65支zhībranch66攴 攵pūto bump, hand67文wénwriting68斗dòumeasurer69斤jīnax, 500 grams70方fāngsquare, direction71无wúwithout72日rìsun73曰yuēto say74月yuèmoon75木 朩mùtree76欠qiàntired77止zhǐto stop78歹dǎideath79殳shūweapon80母 毋 毌mǔmother81比bǐto confront82毛máofur83氏shìclan84气qìair85水 氵 氺shuǐwater86火 灬huǒfire87爪 爫zhǎoclaw88父fùfather89爻yáodouble90爿pánsplitted, wood91片piànslice92牙yátooth, ivory93牛 牜 ⺧niúbeef94犬 犭quǎndog95玄xuándeep96王 玉yùjade97瓜guāmelon98瓦wǎtile99甘gānsweet100生shēngbe born101用yòngto use102田tiánfield103疋 ⺪pǐroll, piece of cloth104疒nèdisease105癶bōto go up106白báiwhite107皮pískin108皿mǐncontainer109目mùeye110矛máospear111矢shǐarrow112石shístone113示 礻shìto venerate, to show114禸róuget away115禾hégrain116穴xuécave, swing door117立lìstanding up118竹 ⺮ ケshìbamboo119米mǐrice120糸 纟mìsilk121缶fǒujar122网 罒 罓 罓wǎngnet123羊 ⺶ ⺷yángsheep124羽yǔfeather125老 耂lǎoold126而érand127耒lěiplow128耳ěrear129聿yùbrush130肉 月ròumeat131臣chénminister132自zìpersonal133至zhìto reach134臼jiùmortar135舌shétongue136舛chuǎnto oppose137舟zhōuboat138艮gěndecided139色sècolor140艹caovegetable141虍hūtiger142虫chónginsect143血xuèblood144行xíngcirculate145衣 衤yīcloth146西 覀xilid147见jiànto see148角jiǎohorn149言 讠yánspeech (trad)150谷gǔvalley151豆dòupea152豕chùpig153豸zhìfeline, cat family154贝bèishell, money155赤chìred156走zǒuto walk157足zúfoot158身shēnbody159车chēcar160辛xīnbitter161辰chénmorning162辶chuòbrisk walking163阝 (邑)fùcity164酉yǒualcohol165釆biànto distinguish166里lǐneighborhood167金 钅jīngold, metal168长zhǎnglong169门méngate170阝(阜)fùmound171隶lìservant172隹zhuīshort-tailed bird173雨yǔrain174青qīngblue/green175非fēifalse176面miànface177革géleather178韦wéitanned leather179韭jiǔleek180音yīnsound181页 頁yèhead, leaf182风fēngwind183飞fēito fly184食 饣shíto eat185首shǒuhead186香xiāngperfume187马mǎhorse188骨gǔbone189高gāohigh190髟biāohair191鬥dòufight192鬯chàngsacrificial wine193鬲gécauldron194鬼guǐghost195鱼yúfish196鸟niǎobird197鹵lǔsalt198鹿lùdeer199麦màicorn200麻máhemp201黃huángyellow202黍shǔmillet203黑hēiblack204黹zhǐembroidery205黾miǎnfrog206鼎dǐngtripod207鼓gǔdrum208鼠shǔrat209鼻bínose210齐qíregular211齿chǐtooth, engrenage212龙lóngdragon213龟guītortoise214龠yuèflute
A good way to remember these radicals is to see what they represent. You can do that with most of them, either by checking the etymology of radicals (from the oracle bones and how they have transformed to their current forms) or by using your own imagination and taking notes of it, which is certainly the most efficient way.
For instance, how to do that for 山 (shān: mountain)?
How to do that for 鱼 (yú: fish)?Learn Chinese Pdf File
How to do that for 囗 (wéi: enclosure)?
Check on the HSK 1 list if you recognize some radicals within characters, or discover more with the principles of the chinese language. You can also come back to our home page.
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How to learn Chinese Mandarin?
Learn Chinese with Free PDFs Want to learn Chinese with PDF cheat sheets and lessons? At ChineseClass101, you get the biggest collection of Chinese PDF Lessons for free. And you get to speak MORE Chinese because these lessons teach you words and phrases for the common conversation topics like Weather, Hobbies, Love, Work, Family, and much more. New Practical Chinese Reader. This Chinese learning book is great because it comes in multiple. Learning Chinese (fi rst year) and the forthcoming compan-ion volume (second year) cover approximately 200 class hours. Includes sample schedules for all 200 hours of class study. Presents rich content (based on the author’s own experience learning Chinese) that is presented incrementally and in detail, is carefully.
The Chinese Outpost 6/30 Learn Chinese Angle 1: Basic Strokes of Chinese Characters A good first step in making Chinese characters less intimidating is identifying their most basic parts. A number of unique, identifiable strokes (individual marks of the brush or pen) are used to write Chinese. The chart below shows you the eleven most common. Mastering Chinese Sentence Structure by Verena Menzel 5. Maintaining Motivation to Study Chinese by Hugh Grigg 6. Immersion Chinese for Dummies by Andreas Laimbock 7. Expanding your Chinese from Outside of China by Richard Simcott 8. How New Technologies can Help you Study Chinese by Sborto Zhou 9. Learn Chinese by Having Fun! By Greg Bell 10.Get a Chinese Mandarin Phrasebook and write simple phrases and words on Flashcards and memorize themStudy the Chinese fundamentals, e.g. how to construct questions, pronunciation etc.Try and find a good Mandarin teacher and enroll in a Chinese language class or visit China for more immersionLearning the Chinese characters is hard. Decide if you want to learn them or just focus on spoken MandarinUse a spaced repetition vocabulary builder to learn words and phrasesFocus on learning the four tones correctly early on as the wrong tones can change the meaning of words completelyCheck out our comprehensive Chinese Mandarin learning App L-Lingo which contains 105 lessons with grammar notes, thousands of words and high quality audio.Chinese Mandarin GrammarThe Chinese you are learning here is the official language of China, which is also called Mandarin Chinese. It is different from another popular Chinese language, Cantonese, which is mainly spoken in Guangdong province and Hong Kong. Mandarin Chinese consists of characters/ standard script (你), phonetic script (ni), and tone marks, e.g. (ˇ) 你 (nǐ). Characters are used everywhere in daily life, such as books, newspapers, signs, etc… Phonetic scripts and tones, together called Pīnyīn, are used in dictionaries and textbooks to guide learners to learn the pronunciation of the characters.When compared to other Languages, on a fundamental level the Mandarin grammar is actually very simple.Each word normally stays the same; thus there are no conjugations, no plural forms, no genders and no articles. Whereas the English verb “to know somebody” might have different forms like “knows”, “knew”, “known” etc., the equivalent Chinese verb 认识 (rèn shí) itself always stays the same, regardless of the context. However there are also elements in the Chinese language that we do not have in many Western Languages.TonesOne of the most difficult element for the learner of the Chinese language is the correct pronunciation of the four phonemic tones: the first tone (ˉ), the second tone (′), the third tone (ˇ), and the forth tone (‵); because the concept of Tones is not existing in many European Languages including English. The best way to practice the tones is to listen carefully and to repeat the words and sentences.NounsNouns are pretty simple in the Chinese language. They do not have articles or genders, and there is no distinction between singular or plural.As for countable nouns, to express or to emphasize plural or numeral, various measure words, such as 辆 (liàng/measure word for vehicle), 个 (gè/measure word for general use), and 艘 (sōu/ measure word for ship]), need to be added in front of a noun:numeral + measure word + noun.For example, 女人 (nǚ rén) can be understood as ’a/one woman’ or ’women (female)’. 个 (gè/ measure word for vehicle) is a measure word for general use. Since Chinese doesn’t have articles, ‘a woman’ is equal to ‘one woman’, in Chinese it is 一个女人; ‘three women’ is 三个女人.VerbsNow that we already learned how to use nouns, in order to make complete sentences, we need to know about verbs.I have some good news here too. Verbs are also pretty straight forward in Chinese! They do not change with person, tense, number and there are no participles.Chinese words (whether nouns or verbs) never change their form. Additional information (e.g. tenses, plural etc.) is conveyed by adding additional words (e.g. tense makers and measure words).We will see how this works in the next section about verb tensesPresent Progressive TenseIn the present progressive tense we just need to use the basic form. To emphasize the present progressive tense, the word 着 (zhe/ particle) is put behind the verb.Example:那个女人站着 nà gè nǚ rén zhàn zhe The woman is standing.Learn Chinese Pdf FreeNow that we have learned our first sentence, let me explain a little about the standard word order.In Chinese, the word order is Subject-Verb-Object. This is the same as the word order in English (e.g. Tom goes home). Past tensePast tense is indicated by 了 (le) – (article for past tense) which is placed after the verb.Example:那匹马跳了. nà pǐ mǎ tiào le. The horse jumped.Future tenseFuture tense is indicated by 将要/要 (jiāng yào/yào) – (will/be going to do) which is placed in front of the verb.Example:那匹马将要跳. nà pǐ mǎ jiāng yào tiào. The horse is going to jump.AdjectivesIf you like to describe certain things, the adjective normally follows the noun. Example:这件蓝色的衬衫是新的. zhè jiàn lán sè de chèn shān shì xīn de. The blue shirt is new.Here we have actually two adjectives following the noun shirt ‘衬衫 (chèn shān)’:1) 蓝色的 (lán sè de) indicates the color blue (note that 蓝色的 (lán sè de) acts as an adjective).2) 新的 (xīn de) indicates that the shirt is new.Please note that 这 (zhè) refers to the place of the shirt (like the English word ’this’). 件 (jiàn) is the measure word for cloths (like the English word ’a piece of’).PrepositionsIn this lesson, we will learn our first prepositions such as on 上面 (shàng miàn), in 里面 (lǐ miàn), or under 下面 (xià miàn).One important concept in Chinese Grammar is the use of the prepositional verb 在 (zài) to indicate ‘to be (in, at, on under + a place/location)’. So 在 (zài) is positioned in front of prepositions, together to form a predicate, such as ‘在 + a place/location +上面 (shàng miàn / on)’， ‘在 + a place/location +里面 (lǐ miàn / in)’， and ‘在 + a place/location +下面 (xià miàn / under)’.Example:一个 婴 儿 在 车 里面 yī gè yīng ér zài chē lǐ miàn A baby is in a car.In the above sentence you notice that ‘is in a car’ is translated as ‘在车里面 (zài chē lǐ miàn)’. ‘在… 里面’ means ‘is in ...’, therefore, the verb ‘is’ doesn’t need to be translated additionally.QuestionsThere are a few different ways to make questions in the Chinese language.General Question WordsYou can use the general question words 吗 (ma), in a question expecting yes or no answer.This question words is just added at the end of the sentence.Example:你好吗? nǐ hǎo ma? Are you well? /How are you?Specific Question WordsYou can also make questions by using specific question words like what 什么 (shén me), where 哪里 (nǎ lǐ), who 谁 (shuí) or why 为什么 (wèi shén me).These question words are positioned at where the answer word/words are to be placed in the sentence. Example:那个女人在做什么? nà gè nǚ rén zài zuò shén me? What is the woman doing?To answer this question, we just need to remove the question word, which is 做什么 and replace with the answer: 那个女人在烹饪 (nà gè nǚ rén zài pēng rèn/[That woman is cooking]). As you noticed, the order of the rest of the words in the sentence remain the same.Since being able to ask questions is really important, here is another example with the question word where 哪里 (nǎ lǐ / where) Example:那个婴儿在哪里? nà gè yīng ér zài nǎ lǐ? Where is the boy?Just remember that the word 在 (zài) is also used since the question asks for a specific location.This example shows you how to construct a what 什么 (shén me / what) question.Example:那辆汽车是什么颜色的? nà liàng qì chē shì shén me yán sè de? What color is the car?Words of colors can be used both as a noun, for example 白色 (bái sè/[white]), and 黑色 (hēi sè/[black]); and as an adjective.When these words are used as an adjective, they are played in front of the noun to be modified and 的 (de/ [possessive particle]) need to be added behind these words of color. Example:白色的屋子 bái sè de wū zi white house黑色的汽车 hēi sè de qì chē black carHave a look at the following a bit different example of a What question.Example:那个女人在吃什么? nà gè nǚ rén zài chī shén me? What is the woman eating? You will notice that in this example a particular reference is made, ‘the woman’. In Chinese, a particular referred figure, ‘the man’ is equal to ‘that woman’, ‘the’ is translated as ‘那 (nà)’; measure word is needed in front of the noun.Okay so let’s repeat that again. If a sentence does not refer to anyone in particular and it is a singular sentence, a woman is ‘一个女人 (yí gè nǚ rén)’. If a sentence refers to someone in particular, definite article ‘the’ is translated as ‘that’, ‘the woman’ is ‘那个女人 (nà gè nǚ rén)’.Negative StatementsTo give a sentence a negative meaning, just put the word (不/bù/ [no, not]) in front of verbs /adjective. When (bù) is followed by a last tone word, e.g. 是 (shì/ [yes]), (bù) need to be changed to second tone—(bú).不是 is read as ‘bùshì / [be not]’, instead of ‘bùshì’.Example:这个电话不是红色的, 它是黑色的 zhè gè diàn huà bú shì hóng sè de, tā shì hēi sè de. This telephone is not red, it’s black.Asking for Something or Making a RequestIn this section we will learn how to ask for something or make a request. This is very common, such as in restaurants wherein we ask for a plate or a drink. Example:请把汤匙给我! qǐng bǎ tāng chí gěi wǒ! Please pass me the spoon!To make a polite request, there is a word used in the above example:请 (qǐng) which starts the sentence and corresponds to the English ’please’. 把 [adverb] sentence is quite complicated. Right now, you just need to remember 请把汤匙给我! (qǐng bǎ tāng chí gěi wǒ!/[ Please pass me the spoon!]) is the same with 请给我汤匙! (qǐng gěi wǒ tāng chí!/[ Please pass me the spoon!]). 把 [adverb] sentence in this lesson is used to emphasize on the obj. that presents the object you request for.BECAUSE Sentences’Because’ sentences are pretty easy, so I need to give you only a short explanation here.“Because” means 因为... 所以... (yīn wéi... suǒ yǐ… ). In Chinese, 因为 (yīn wéi) is to give the reason of the occurrence of something, and 所以 (suǒ yǐ) is to lead the result of the event or a conclusion of a state. Sometimes, either 因为 (yīn wéi) or 所以 (suǒ yǐ) can be omitted in a sentence.This is just a short introduction to Chinese Mandarin. If you like to get a free comprehensive Chinese Mandarin Grammar, subscribe to our Seven Day Email Course which includes a 20 page Grammar Book!What is Chinese made of?
Chinese is made of words, which are made of characters, themselves made of one or more radicals among 214. See the four examples of radicals below.214 radicals to rule all characters
Knowing 214 radicals will ease your process of learning Chinese. Why?Because when you know the radicals, you can remember more easily how they combine with each other to form more complex characters.Radicals can have one of the following functions, or both:
*semantic, providing part or whole of the meaning;
*phonetics, giving the sound to the character, or something very close to it.The concept of key
Every character has one and only one radical with the function of ’key’, which allows to find a character into a dictionary. In many cases, the radical on the left or on the top of a character is the key. However, with the increase of the use of digital dictionaries on smartphone, in which you can draw the character, knowing keys become less critical.Learn Chinese Calligraphy PdfExamples
爸 bà, which means dad, is made of 2 radicals:
*父 fù (father), is the semantic radical, and also the key
*巴 bā (to wish), is the phonetics radical
好 hǎo, which means good, is made of 2 radicals:
*女 nǚ (woman), is the semantic radical, and also the key
*子 zi (child), is a component with a semantic function (because to express that something is good, we associate a mother and a child), but there is no phonetics function of the radical to help for the pronunciation.Work your own way to remember each of them
Each of us has his personal idea, history, conviction or preference when it comes to mnemonics to remember things.
For instance, in our previous exemple for 好 hǎo, we could think of it this way:
女 + 子 = 好
woman + child = good, well (好 hǎo)
’When a woman sticks to her child, it is good’
Sometimes, you have ideas, sometimes you do not. HSK Academy supports you and will keep delivering means to remember more easily radicals and characters, just as for the four ones on the top of this article. Stay tuned by following our facebook page.
As soon as you’ll be ready, get your copy of the official HSK lists and start to prepare!
In the meantime, review this list regularly:The complete list of radicalsNumberKeyPinyinEnglish1一yīone2丨gǔnline3丶zhǔstroke4丿 乀 乁fúoblique5乙 乚 乛yǐsickle6亅juéhook7二èrtwo8亠tóushelter, head9人 亻rénman10儿erchild11入rùto enter12八 丷bāeight, separate13冂jiōngscope14冖mìto cover15冫bīngice16几jǐtable17凵qiǎncontainer18刂 刁 刀 クdāoknife19力lìforce20勹bāoto wrap21匕bǐspoon, man overthrown22匚fāngopen box23匸xìto hide24十shíten25卜bodivination26卩jiéseal27厂chǎngproduction facility28厶sīsecret29又 ヌyòustill, hand30口kǒumouth31囗wéienclosure32土tǔearth33士shìscholar34夂zhǐto go35夊suīgo slowly36夕xīevening37大dàbig38女nǚwoman39子zichild40宀miánroof41寸cùnthumb42小 ⺌ ⺍xiǎosmall43尢yóuweak44尸shīdead body45屮chègerm46山shānmountain47川 巛chuānriver48工gōngwork49己jǐpersonal50巾jīnturban51干gàndry52幺yāotiny53广guǎngshelter54廴yǐngreat, stride55廾gǒngtwo, hands56弋yìarrow-grapin57弓gōngbow58彐 彑jìsnout59彡shānbeard, brush60彳chìwalk around61心 忄xīnheart62戈gēhalberd63戶 户hùgate64手 扌 才shǒuhand65支zhībranch66攴 攵pūto bump, hand67文wénwriting68斗dòumeasurer69斤jīnax, 500 grams70方fāngsquare, direction71无wúwithout72日rìsun73曰yuēto say74月yuèmoon75木 朩mùtree76欠qiàntired77止zhǐto stop78歹dǎideath79殳shūweapon80母 毋 毌mǔmother81比bǐto confront82毛máofur83氏shìclan84气qìair85水 氵 氺shuǐwater86火 灬huǒfire87爪 爫zhǎoclaw88父fùfather89爻yáodouble90爿pánsplitted, wood91片piànslice92牙yátooth, ivory93牛 牜 ⺧niúbeef94犬 犭quǎndog95玄xuándeep96王 玉yùjade97瓜guāmelon98瓦wǎtile99甘gānsweet100生shēngbe born101用yòngto use102田tiánfield103疋 ⺪pǐroll, piece of cloth104疒nèdisease105癶bōto go up106白báiwhite107皮pískin108皿mǐncontainer109目mùeye110矛máospear111矢shǐarrow112石shístone113示 礻shìto venerate, to show114禸róuget away115禾hégrain116穴xuécave, swing door117立lìstanding up118竹 ⺮ ケshìbamboo119米mǐrice120糸 纟mìsilk121缶fǒujar122网 罒 罓 罓wǎngnet123羊 ⺶ ⺷yángsheep124羽yǔfeather125老 耂lǎoold126而érand127耒lěiplow128耳ěrear129聿yùbrush130肉 月ròumeat131臣chénminister132自zìpersonal133至zhìto reach134臼jiùmortar135舌shétongue136舛chuǎnto oppose137舟zhōuboat138艮gěndecided139色sècolor140艹caovegetable141虍hūtiger142虫chónginsect143血xuèblood144行xíngcirculate145衣 衤yīcloth146西 覀xilid147见jiànto see148角jiǎohorn149言 讠yánspeech (trad)150谷gǔvalley151豆dòupea152豕chùpig153豸zhìfeline, cat family154贝bèishell, money155赤chìred156走zǒuto walk157足zúfoot158身shēnbody159车chēcar160辛xīnbitter161辰chénmorning162辶chuòbrisk walking163阝 (邑)fùcity164酉yǒualcohol165釆biànto distinguish166里lǐneighborhood167金 钅jīngold, metal168长zhǎnglong169门méngate170阝(阜)fùmound171隶lìservant172隹zhuīshort-tailed bird173雨yǔrain174青qīngblue/green175非fēifalse176面miànface177革géleather178韦wéitanned leather179韭jiǔleek180音yīnsound181页 頁yèhead, leaf182风fēngwind183飞fēito fly184食 饣shíto eat185首shǒuhead186香xiāngperfume187马mǎhorse188骨gǔbone189高gāohigh190髟biāohair191鬥dòufight192鬯chàngsacrificial wine193鬲gécauldron194鬼guǐghost195鱼yúfish196鸟niǎobird197鹵lǔsalt198鹿lùdeer199麦màicorn200麻máhemp201黃huángyellow202黍shǔmillet203黑hēiblack204黹zhǐembroidery205黾miǎnfrog206鼎dǐngtripod207鼓gǔdrum208鼠shǔrat209鼻bínose210齐qíregular211齿chǐtooth, engrenage212龙lóngdragon213龟guītortoise214龠yuèflute
A good way to remember these radicals is to see what they represent. You can do that with most of them, either by checking the etymology of radicals (from the oracle bones and how they have transformed to their current forms) or by using your own imagination and taking notes of it, which is certainly the most efficient way.
For instance, how to do that for 山 (shān: mountain)?
How to do that for 鱼 (yú: fish)?Learn Chinese Pdf File
How to do that for 囗 (wéi: enclosure)?
Check on the HSK 1 list if you recognize some radicals within characters, or discover more with the principles of the chinese language. You can also come back to our home page.
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